Solar panels have a low carbon footprint, compared to fossil fuels and coal-fired power plants. Their carbon footprint is less that 0.06%. The carbon footprints of different panels can vary, so this number is not accurate. There are many factors that influence the carbon footprint for solar panels. These include the manufacturing process and materials used.
When compared with coal-fired electricity, CO2 emissions are lower than 0.06%
The carbon footprint of solar panels and wind power is much lower than coal. For every kWh of electricity produced, solar and wind energy emit less than six grams CO2 equivalent. Comparatively, coal-fired electricity emits more than eightg of CO2 equivalent per kWh. The calculation also takes into consideration the life-cycle costs.
The graph below illustrates how lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions are related to one unit of electricity generated using different fuels in the world at 2 degrees Celsius. It is broken down into source and the light blue ranges reflect results from IPCC's most recent assessment. The graph also accounts for technological advances, especially for solar, which is becoming more efficient.
Low carbon footprint as compared to fossil-fuels
The carbon footprint of solar panels and other renewable energy sources is very low compared to fossil fuels. But, the price of solar and wind power is slightly higher than those of fossil fuels. The cost of solar energy is 19c per KWH and wind power six cents. The cost of a gas combined cycle, however, is only three cents less than that of fossil fuels.
Solar power has some emissions. It also leaves an environmental footprint when it is used to extract and process the materials. The delivery and construction of solar energy can also have an impact on the earth, but they are much less than the lifetime emissions from fossil fuels. According to the US-based National Renewable Energy Laboratory, solar panels have a lifetime carbon footprint that is 40 grams CO2 equivalent for every kilowatt hour of electricity produced. Nature Energy conducted another study and found that solar panels' carbon footprint was less than 21g CO2 eq/kWh.
How to make solar panels using electricity
Solar panels work by turning solar radiation into electric power. Photovoltaic (PV) is the name of this process. A solar panel has many solar panels sandwiched between layers a clear adhesive film. The panels are held in position by an aluminum frame and a backsheet. The panels emit light that passes through the backsheet. It is converted into electricity at a junction.
Solar panels are most effective when it is sunny and clear. Their efficiency doesn't decrease if it is cold. Although they perform less well on cloudy or rainy days, they can still be effective.
Materials used to create solar panels
The materials used to make solar panels can have a large carbon footprint. These materials can be derived from fossil fuels or mines. Manufacturing, transport, and mining can all result in large carbon emissions. The industry is trying to find eco-friendly ways to make solar panels.
Coal is one of many raw materials used in solar panels. One panel can use approximately 11 tonnes of coal. Ten tons of ash are produced by coal-burning power stations for every ton of coal. Additionally, the chemicals used in the production of solar panels emit dioxins, which can affect human reproduction, development, immune system, and even cancer. Furthermore, solar panels are connected via transmission lines to electric systems. This allows the electricity generated by photovoltaics cells to flow out to the consumer via the power grid.
How to reduce carbon emissions from solar panels
The most sustainable source of energy is solar panels, but their production has a major impact on the environment. The mining, transport, and manufacturing process of solar panels all contribute to emissions. But the overall carbon footprint of solar panels is comparatively small compared to fossil fuels. In addition, the solar panels' life span means that their carbon footprint will be lower for a long time.
There are many ways that solar panels can reduce their carbon footprint. One option is to return excess electricity to grid. This will allow you to use less energy from the grid as well as lower your bills. This option is worth considering, but you should ensure that you shop around for the best tariff offered by your energy provider. You can also make use of inbuilt timers to save on electricity usage.